Artificial intelligence is the broad field of building systems that perform tasks we associate with human thinking: understanding language, recognizing images, planning, and learning from data. Modern AI is dominated by machine learning — systems that improve from examples rather than hand-written rules.
AI is an umbrella term, not a single technology. Precision matters: a spam filter, a chess engine, and a large language model are all 'AI', but they work completely differently.
Grouping similar news stories, scoring market attention, and translating text can all be called AI — yet each uses different methods underneath.